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    Article abstract—Autism is a common disorder of childhood, affecting 1 in 500 children. Yet, it often remains unrecognizedand undiagnosed until or after late preschool age because appropriate tools for routine developmental screening andscreening specifically for autism have not been available. Early identification of children with autism and intensive, earlyintervention during the toddler and preschool years improves outcome for most young children with autism. This practiceparameter reviews the available empirical evidence and gives specific recommendations for the identification of childrenwith autism.

    This approach requires a dual process: 1) routine developmental surveillance and screening specifically forautism to be performed on all children to first identify those at risk for any type of atypical development, and to identifythose specifically at risk for autism; and 2) to diagnose and evaluate autism, to differentiate autism from other developmentaldisorders.NEUROLOGY 2000;55:468–479This statement has been endorsed by the American Academy of Audiology, the American Occupational Therapy Association, the American Speech–Language–Hearing Association, the Autism National Committee, Cure Autism Now, the National Alliance for Autism Research, and the Society forDevelopmental Pediatrics.

    From the Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (Dr. Filipek), University of California, Irvine, College of Medicine; Department of Pediatrics (Dr.Accardo), New York Medical College, Valhalla; Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Ashwal), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California; Departments ofAllied Health Sciences (Dr. Baranek) and Pediatrics (Dr. Teplin), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Departments of Psychiatry (Dr. Cook) andPediatrics (Drs. Cook and Kallen), University of Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology (Dr. Dawson), University of Washington, Seattle; Department ofNeurology and Cognitive Science (Dr. Gordon), The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; Departments of Otolaryngology (Dr. Gravel),Neurology and Pediatrics (Dr. Rapin), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York; Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Johnson),University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio; Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Levy), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia;Department of Psychiatry and Neurology (Dr. Minshew),

    University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania; Departments of Psychology andPsychiatry (Dr. Ozonoff), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Center for Study of Human Development (Dr. Prizant), Brown University, Providence, RhodeIsland; Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Rogers), University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver; Department of Pediatrics (Dr. Stone), VanderbiltUniversity Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Neurology (Dr. Tuchman), University of Miami School of Medicine, Florida; and Departmentof Child Psychiatry and the Child Study Center (Dr. Volkmar), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.Supported by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; the National Institute of Deafness and Communication Disorders; theNational Institute of Mental Health; the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke; the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research;the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources;

    and Services Administration, Department of Health and Human Resources. Supported in part byHD28202/ HD27802/ HD35458 (P.A.F.), HD35482 (E.H.C. and F.R.V.), HD34565 (G.D.), HD36080 (J.S.G.), HD35469 (N.J.M.), HD35468 (S.J.R.) andHD03008 (F.R.V.) from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; DC00223 (J.S.G.) from the National Institute of Deafness andCommunication Disorders; MH01389/ MH52223 (E.H.C.), MH47117 (G.D.), and MH50620 (W.L.S.) from the National Institute of Mental Health; NS35896(P.A.F.), NS33355 (N.J.M.), NS20489 (I.R.), from the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, and by the NIH Office of Behavioral and SocialSciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda,......

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